![]() The recommendations on sex-related issues in patients with PAH, including pregnancy, have been updated, with information and shared decision making as key points.The task force has attempted to close the gap between pediatric and adult PAH care, with therapeutic and follow-up strategies based on risk stratification and treatment response, extrapolated from that in adults but adapted for age.Initial combination therapy and treatment escalation at follow-up when appropriate are current standards. The treatment algorithm for PAH has been simplified, with a clear focus on risk assessment, cardiopulmonary comorbidities, and treatment goals.An improved recognition of computed tomography (CT) and echocardiographic signs of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) at the time of an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) event, together with a systematic follow-up of patients with acute PE, should help to remediate the underdiagnosis of CTEPH.The main diagnostic algorithm for PH has been simplified following a three-step approach, from suspicion by first-line physicians, detection by echocardiography, and confirmation with right heart catheterization in PH centers.The definition of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) also implies a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >2 Wood Units and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure ≤15 mm Hg. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is now defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >20 mm Hg at rest.The following are key points to remember from the 2022 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension:
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